M&MA

WCDMA, HSPA, HSPA+, LTE          "An information system formed by HAP (High Altitude Platform) will be a new generation-system for the wireless communications and HAPS (HAP Station) communication system combines the advantages of both terrestrial and satellite communication systems and avoids, to different extents, their disadvantages. Third generation (3G) mobile technology which is specified by the third generation partnership project (3 GPP) is definitely one of the candidates. With the success of wireless network, the IEEE 802.16 standard, with its wireless metropolitan area network (MAN) air interface appears to be a strong competitor. We provide initial practical comparison of these two technologies for HAPS Communication". WCDMA HSPA HSPA+ LTE Maximum Uplink Speed 128 Kbps 5.7 Kbps 11 Mbps 50 Mbps Maximum Downlink Speed 14 Mbps 11 Mbps 28 Mbps 100 Mbps Spectrum FDD

Testability VLSI: Boundry scan Boundary scan is a test technique using scan methodology, involving digital services,  digital devices, designed with shift registers (scan flip flops) placed between each device pin and the internal logic.    These shift registers can control and observe signal values present at each input and  output pin and are connected together in serial fashion to form a data register chain,  called boundary scan shift register with shift and update stages.

JTAG Test Access Port JTAG Testability: JTAG Test Access Port Controller                                                             The TAP is a general-purpose port that can provide access to many test support functions built into a component, including the test logic defined by this standard. 

Comparison of nmos and pmos operation modes: For many years,  NMOS  circuits were much faster than comparable  PMOS  and CMOS circuits, which had to use much slower p-channel transistors. comparison of nmos and pmos operation modes comparison of nmos and pmos operation modes video:

Difference between Travelling wave tube and klystron: Difference between Travelling wave tube and klystron Travelling wave tube and klystron Video:

IPv4 address Analysis: An  IPv4 address  is a  32-bit  address that uniquely and universally defines the connection of a device (for example, a computer or a router) to the Internet. The IPv4 addresses are unique  and universal.

Definition & Basics :  "Multiplexing is the procedure in which numerous Data Streams, originating from diverse Sources, are joined and Transmitted over a Single Data Channel or Data Stream."      In Electronic Communications, the two fundamental types of Multiplexing are Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) and Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM).