M&MA

IPv4 address Analysis: An  IPv4 address  is a  32-bit  address that uniquely and universally defines the connection of a device (for example, a computer or a router) to the Internet. The IPv4 addresses are unique  and universal.

Definition & Basics :  "Multiplexing is the procedure in which numerous Data Streams, originating from diverse Sources, are joined and Transmitted over a Single Data Channel or Data Stream."      In Electronic Communications, the two fundamental types of Multiplexing are Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) and Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM).

Multiplexing And Multiple Access : Digital Communications Difference between Multiplexing and Multiple Access: Sr.No. Multiplexing Multiple Access 1 “In telecommunications and  computer networks, multiplexing is a process where multiple analog  message signals or digital data  streams are combined into one   signal over a shared medium.” “In telecommunications and computer networks, a channel access method or multiple access  method allows several terminals connected to the same multipoint physical medium to transmit over it and to share its capacity.” 2 The multiplexed signal is transmitted  over a communication channel,  which may be a physical transmission medium. A channel-access scheme is  based on a multiplex method  that allows several data streams  or signals to share the  same communication channel or  physical media.

Difference in between TDM and FDM: This page on FDM versus TDM describes  difference between FDM and TDM multiplexing . FDM is the short form of frequency division multiplexing and TDM is the short form of time division multiplexing. In FDM each signal is modulated onto different unique RF carrier frequency and all carrier frequencies are separated significantly so that bandwidth of the signals do not overlap in frequency domain. Figure: Difference in between TDM and FDM

Comparison between AC and DC servo systems : Sr. No. AC servo systems DC servo systems 1.                       Efficiency is low Efficiency is high 2.                       Low power output High power output 3.                       It requires less maintenance It requires frequent maintenance 4.                       Less stability problems More stability problems. 5.                      Smooth operation Noisy operation. 6.                      It has non-linear characteristic It has linear characteristic Comparison between AC and DC servo systems Video: Comparison of stepper motor with DC servo motor Basics of Multiplexing HOW MOBILE NETWORK WORKS WITH GMSK MODULATION TECHNIQUE ? Comparison in FDM and synchronus TDM and statistical TDM How Multiplexing of signals in Fiber Optical cable

Comparison of stepper motor with DC servo motor : sr . No. Stepper motors DC servo motor 1. Control winding is not present. Control wingding              is present 2. Stepping              rate        is governed by frequency of switching and not by supply voltage. Does not rotate in steps. 3. Number of steps can be precisely controlled by controlling the number of pulses. DC servo motor gives continuous rotation. 4. Brushes are absent. Brushes are present 5. Maintenance is low High  maintenance 6. Due        to            load/no                load conditions no change in running current. Due        to            load/no                load conditions           sufficient change in            running current. Comparison between AC and DC servo systems Comparison of stepper motor with DC servo motor

Comparison between armature controlled and field controlled DC servo motor : Field controlled DC servomotor Armature controlled DC servomotor 1.                         Field is excited by control voltage Armature is excited by control voltage 2.                        Armature            current kept constant Field      current kept constant 3.                        Required             low        power amplifiers are simple to design Required             high       power amplifiers 4.                        Efficiency is poor Efficiency is better 5.                        It has large time constant It             has         small      time constant 6.                        Cost is low Cost is high 7.                        It is open loop system It is close loop system Comparison between ar